{"id":11,"date":"2019-10-10T22:19:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-10T20:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/?page_id=11"},"modified":"2024-03-30T12:26:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T11:26:39","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/index.php\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11\" class=\"elementor elementor-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ac654df elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"2ac654df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 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s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acaa092\" data-id=\"acaa092\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14469d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14469d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd0ac67 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd0ac67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M3,10.2c2.6,0,2.6,2,2.6,3.2S4.4,16.5,3,16.5s-3-1.4-3-3.2S0.4,10.2,3,10.2z M18.8,10.2c1.7,0,3.2,1.4,3.2,3.2s-1.4,3.2-3.2,3.2c-1.7,0-3.2-1.4-3.2-3.2S17,10.2,18.8,10.2z M34.6,10.2c1.5,0,2.6,1.4,2.6,3.2s-0.5,3.2-1.9,3.2c-1.5,0-3.4-1.4-3.4-3.2S33.1,10.2,34.6,10.2z M50.5,10.2c1.7,0,3.2,1.4,3.2,3.2s-1.4,3.2-3.2,3.2c-1.7,0-3.3-0.9-3.3-2.6S48.7,10.2,50.5,10.2z M66.2,10.2c1.5,0,3.4,1.4,3.4,3.2s-1.9,3.2-3.4,3.2c-1.5,0-2.6-0.4-2.6-2.1S64.8,10.2,66.2,10.2z M82.2,10.2c1.7,0.8,2.6,1.4,2.6,3.2s-0.1,3.2-1.6,3.2c-1.5,0-3.7-1.4-3.7-3.2S80.5,9.4,82.2,10.2zM98.6,10.2c1.5,0,2.6,0.4,2.6,2.1s-1.2,4.2-2.6,4.2c-1.5,0-3.7-0.4-3.7-2.1S97.1,10.2,98.6,10.2z M113.4,10.2c1.2,0,2.2,0.9,2.2,3.2s-0.1,3.2-1.3,3.2s-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.2S112.2,10.2,113.4,10.2z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8975f3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8975f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dee146c\" data-id=\"1dee146c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-446b478a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"446b478a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Follow me on ResearchGate or have a look at the publications section!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6c55f1 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f6c55f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eac0f17\" data-id=\"eac0f17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04f9ebb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"04f9ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Cecile-Molinier\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-researchgate\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c0d931\" data-id=\"2c0d931\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9687bb7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"9687bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/index.php\/publications\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5251cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5251cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4262444\" data-id=\"4262444\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531cdfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531cdfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Speciation in the brown algae <i>Ectocarpus sp.<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3a9dfb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3a9dfb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a28b986\" data-id=\"a28b986\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87cf9fd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"87cf9fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-01-29-a-17.40.26_9db7e473-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1413\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-01-29-a-17.40.26_9db7e473-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-01-29-a-17.40.26_9db7e473-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-01-29-a-17.40.26_9db7e473-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-01-29-a-17.40.26_9db7e473.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de2fba0\" data-id=\"de2fba0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ef6376 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ef6376\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Since April 2022, I am a postdoctoral researcher wroking on evolutionary genomics of brown algae at the Max Planck Institute in the group of Agnieszka Lipinska: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lipinska-lab.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lipinska group<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>My research project aims to elucidate the evolution of reproductive isolation in brown algae, specifically focusing on genomic barriers such as chromosomal rearrangements and haploid sex chromosomes.&nbsp;<\/p><p>While previous studies have extensively explored these barriers in diploid species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes in animals and plants, my work seeks to broaden our understanding by investigating organisms with distinct sex determination systems across different eukaryotic supergroups.&nbsp;<\/p><p>The genus <i>Ectocarpus<\/i>, comprising tens of cryptic species with varying degrees of pre and post-zygotic incompatibilities, provides as an ideal model for this study. Notably, <i>Ectocarpus<\/i> exhibits haploid sex chromosomes, presenting a unique opportunity to explore the role of UV sex chromosomes in speciation.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Through my project, I aim to address key questions in speciation research, including the genetic architecture of reproductive barriers, the contribution of chromosomal rearrangements to speciation, and the roles of haploid sex chromosomes in reproductive isolation.<\/p><p>More<a href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/index.php\/speciation-in-brown-algae\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/index.php\/speciation-in-brown-algae\/\">here<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; background: transparent; line-height: 13px; margin-bottom: 0in;\" align=\"justify\">\n<\/p><p style=\"color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; background: transparent; line-height: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1in;\" align=\"justify\">\n<\/p><p style=\"color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; background: transparent; line-height: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1in;\" align=\"justify\">\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d8805a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d8805a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a003dd\" data-id=\"7a003dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b01494b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b01494b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85e96b4\" data-id=\"85e96b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c2e8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c2e8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Genomics of asexuality in <em>Daphnia pulex<\/em><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fc5680 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fc5680\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4707c74\" data-id=\"4707c74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-928e28f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"928e28f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-375ad98\" data-id=\"375ad98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca6b518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca6b518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>July 2018 &#8211; January 2022, I did my PhD thesis at the CEFE (Centre d&#8217;Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d&#8217;Evolution) in Montpellier (France) with Christoph Haag and Thomas Lenormand. I worked on transitions between reproductive systems in <i>Daphnia<\/i>, which small freshwater crustaceans.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 17px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\"><i>Daphnia pulex<\/i> reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis (CP); that is a partly asexual and a partly sexual mode of reproduction. However, some populations reproduce by obligate parthenogenesis (OP): they are females that always reproduce asexually<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 17px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">Many OP have evolved from cyclical parthenogenetic (CP) ancestors, as in <i>Daphnia pulex<\/i>, where OP sometimes produce males that are capable of reductional meiosis. Using such rare males, I<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab', 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u00a0carried lab experiments to produce genomic data on sexual, asexual lineages and crosses between both<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab', 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>By constructing linkage maps, we find that these asexually produced males (&#8220;rare males&#8221;) show no significant reduction of recombination rates compared to CP males and females.<\/p>\n<p>Both meiosis disruption and recombination suppression are thus female-limited, which goes against the evolution of OP by disruption of an essential gene for meiosis or recombination in both sexes. Check out the paper to see alternative hypotheses to explain our findings!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0ffdb1\" data-id=\"f0ffdb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e58b8c9 elementor-view-default elementor-position-top elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"e58b8c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/These_19_04_22_corrected.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"PhD thesis\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/These_19_04_22_corrected.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhD thesis\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0641a1e eael-flipbox-content-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-flip-box\" data-id=\"0641a1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n        <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-container eael-animate-flip eael-animate-left eael-content eael-flip-box-hover\">\n\n            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-flip-card\">\n                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-front-container\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"eael-elements-slider-display-table\">\n                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-vertical-align\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-padding\">\n                                    <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-icon-image\">\n                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                    <h1 class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-heading\">KEY WORDS<\/h1>                                    <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-content\">\n\t                                                                        <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-rear-container\">\n\n                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-slider-display-table\">\n                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-vertical-align\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-padding\">\n                                                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-icon-image\">\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-content\">\n                                        <p><span style=\"color: #d0bcd1;\">Breeding systems,\u00a0Daphnia,\u00a0Asexuality, Environmental sex determination, Recombination, Meiosis, Sex, Parthenogenesis, Mating systems,\u00a0Experimental evolution, Genomics, Daphnia pulex<\/span><\/p>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n            jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ) {\n                $(\".eael-flip-box-click\").off('click').on( 'click', function( event ) {\n                    $(this).toggleClass( '--active' );\n                });\n            });\n        <\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd4650 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1cd4650\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fc5445 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fc5445\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c24512\" data-id=\"3c24512\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf2a650 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf2a650\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evolution of a new sex chromosome in <em>Daphnia sp<\/em><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6930f58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6930f58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb242c4\" data-id=\"eb242c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad77d58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad77d58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-669983a\" data-id=\"669983a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1112f5c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1112f5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/MBE-768x1009-1.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-04f57a3\" data-id=\"04f57a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a33730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a33730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In <i>Daphnia<\/i> species, the sex of the individuals is determined by the environment. However, some genotypes are genetically determined females (they carry a proto sex chromosome) and never produce males (NMP for non male producing).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We decided to study gene expression during a transition from environmental to genetic sex determination in <i>Daphnia<\/i><\/p>\n<p>In <i>Daphnia magna<\/i>, mixed populations of NMP coexist with male producers (MP) in which males are environmentally inducible.<\/p>\n<p>Our findings suggest that the homeostasis of female offspring production is regulated by a rather complex mechanism than a simple break in the male determination pathway in NMP individuals, involving differential expression of many genes and already constituently regulated.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b5b778 eael-flipbox-content-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-flip-box\" data-id=\"6b5b778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n        <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-container eael-animate-flip eael-animate-left eael-content eael-flip-box-hover\">\n\n            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-flip-card\">\n                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-front-container\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"eael-elements-slider-display-table\">\n                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-vertical-align\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-padding\">\n                                    <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-icon-image\">\n                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                    <h1 class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-heading\">KEY WORDS<\/h1>                                    <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-content\">\n\t                                                                        <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-rear-container\">\n\n                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-slider-display-table\">\n                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-vertical-align\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-padding\">\n                                                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-icon-image\">\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"eael-elements-flip-box-content\">\n                                        <p><span style=\"color: #d0bcd1;\">Genomics; Daphnia magna; RNA-sequencing; Genetic sex determination (GSD); Environmental sex determination (ESD)<\/span><\/p>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n            jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ) {\n                $(\".eael-flip-box-click\").off('click').on( 'click', function( event ) {\n                    $(this).toggleClass( '--active' );\n                });\n            });\n        <\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Follow me on ResearchGate or have a look at the publications section! Speciation in the brown algae Ectocarpus sp. Since April 2022, I am a postdoctoral researcher wroking on evolutionary genomics of brown algae at the Max Planck Institute in the group of Agnieszka Lipinska: Lipinska group. My research project aims to elucidate the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research - C\u00e9cile Molinier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cecilemolinier.com\/index.php\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research - C\u00e9cile Molinier\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Follow me on ResearchGate or have a look at the publications section! 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Speciation in the brown algae Ectocarpus sp. Since April 2022, I am a postdoctoral researcher wroking on evolutionary genomics of brown algae at the Max Planck Institute in the group of Agnieszka Lipinska: Lipinska group. 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